Kwaternêre koolstof

quaternary carbon

Strukturele formule van neopentaan (kwaternêre koolstof word in rooi uitgelig)

'n Kwaternêre koolstof is 'n koolstofatoom gebind aan vier ander koolstofatome.^[1] Om hierdie rede word kwaternêre koolstofatome slegs aangetref in koolwatersowwe wat minstens vyf koolstofatome het. Kwaternêre koolstofatome kan slegs in vertakte alkane voorkom, nie in lineêre alkane nie.^[2]

	Primêre koolstof	Sekondêre koolstof	Tersiêre koolstof	Kwaternêre koolstof
Algemene struktuur
Gedeeltelike Strukturele formule

Sintese[wysig | wysig bron]

Die vorming van chirale kwaternêre koolstofsentrums was 'n sintetiese uitdaging. Chemici het die asimmetriese Diels–Alder-reaksies,^[3] Heck-reaksie, Enyne-siklisering, sikloaddisie-reaksies,^[4] C-H-aktivering, Aliliese vervanging,^[5] Pauson-Khand-reaksie,^[6] ens. ontwikkel om asimmetriese kwaternêre koolstofstowwe te konstrueer.

Verwysings[wysig | wysig bron]

↑ Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". In Hodge, Tami; Nemmers, Donna; Klein, Jayne (reds.). Organic chemistry (in Engels) (3de uitg.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Junie 2018.
↑ Latscha, Hans Peter; Kazmaier, Uli; Klein, Helmut Alfons (2016). Organische Chemie: Chemie-Basiswissen II (in Duits) (7de uitg.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-662-46180-8. OCLC 932035560.
↑ Nicolaou, K. C.; Vassilikogiannakis, Georgios; Mägerlein, Wolfgang; Kranich, Remo (2 Julie 2001). "Total Synthesis of Colombiasin A". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (in Engels). Wiley. 40 (13): 2482–2486. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010702)40:13<2482::aid-anie2482>3.0.co;2-a. ISSN 1433-7851.
↑ Quasdorf, Kyle W.; Overman, Larry E. (2014). "Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocentres". Nature (in Engels). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 516 (7530): 181–191. doi:10.1038/nature14007. ISSN 0028-0836.
↑ Feng, C.; Kobayashi, Y. (2013). "Allylic Substitution for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Possessing an Aryl Group". J. Org. Chem. (in Engels). 78 (8): 3755–3766. doi:10.1021/jo400248y. PMID 23496084.
↑ Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. (2001). "Pauson-Khand reaction : synthesis of magellanine" (PDF). Tetrahedron (in Engels) (61): 4053–4065.

[Smith2011-1] Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". In Hodge, Tami; Nemmers, Donna; Klein, Jayne (reds.). Organic chemistry (in Engels) (3de uitg.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Junie 2018.

[Latscha2016-2] Latscha, Hans Peter; Kazmaier, Uli; Klein, Helmut Alfons (2016). Organische Chemie: Chemie-Basiswissen II (in Duits) (7de uitg.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-662-46180-8. OCLC 932035560.

[Nicolaou2001-3] Nicolaou, K. C.; Vassilikogiannakis, Georgios; Mägerlein, Wolfgang; Kranich, Remo (2 Julie 2001). "Total Synthesis of Colombiasin A". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (in Engels). Wiley. 40 (13): 2482–2486. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010702)40:13<2482::aid-anie2482>3.0.co;2-a. ISSN 1433-7851.

[Quasdorf2014-4] Quasdorf, Kyle W.; Overman, Larry E. (2014). "Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocentres". Nature (in Engels). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 516 (7530): 181–191. doi:10.1038/nature14007. ISSN 0028-0836.

[Feng2013-5] Feng, C.; Kobayashi, Y. (2013). "Allylic Substitution for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Possessing an Aryl Group". J. Org. Chem. (in Engels). 78 (8): 3755–3766. doi:10.1021/jo400248y. PMID 23496084.

[Ishizaki2001-6] Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. (2001). "Pauson-Khand reaction : synthesis of magellanine" (PDF). Tetrahedron (in Engels) (61): 4053–4065.

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